Learn how space radiation affects astronauts, from acute symptoms to long-term cancer and mission risks, and how agencies reduce exposure.

Learn how microgravity changes bone density, strength, and calcium balance, plus the body’s fastest ways to adapt in space and recover on Earth.

Planetary scientists study planets, moons, asteroids, and comets to understand how worlds form, evolve, and support conditions for life.

Learn how microgravity, radiation, isolation, and altered sleep in space change the brain, and what researchers are discovering about recovery.

Explore how Moon spacesuits protect astronauts from vacuum, radiation, dust, and temperature extremes while enabling mobility and life support.

Space medicine keeps astronauts healthy in microgravity through prevention, monitoring, treatment, and careful mission planning.

Microgravity changes how the heart works, reshaping circulation, volume, and rhythm. Here’s what spaceflight does to cardiac health and why it matters.

Space medicine protects astronaut health, mission performance, and future deep-space exploration by addressing the unique effects of microgravity, radiation, and isolation.

Microgravity changes muscles quickly, reducing strength, endurance, and coordination. Learn what happens, why it happens, and how astronauts counter it.

Learn why space radiation is so hazardous, how it affects astronauts and spacecraft, and what NASA and other agencies do to reduce the risk.